Boredom as a limiting condition on the mere exposure effect. Zajonc sought to understand how familiarity impacts our preference. The effect has been demonstrated with many kinds of things, incl. Research on the mere exposure phenomenon has focused most often on the attitudinal effects of repeated exposure to nonsocial stimuli cf. Pdf people believe that their moral judgments are welljustified and as objective as scientific facts.
The effects of similarity on perceived familiarity were almost entirely mediated by changes in attraction. None of these explanations could account for the exposure effects. Stang queens college of the city university of new york the mediating role of learning in the relationship between repeated exposure and affect was explored and supported in three experiments involving a total of 229 undergraduate participants. They indicated on a structured questionnaire how many times they had seen the advertisement or one almost like it, how much they.
The hypothesis is offered that mere repeated exposure of the individual to a stimulus object enhances his attitude toward it. Frontiers the mere exposure effect depends on an odors. Effects of mere exposure on learning and affect david j. Robert zajonc showed that people were more likely to have a positive attitude on attitude objects when they were exposed to it frequently than if they were not. Zajonc university of michigan the hypothesis is offered that mere repeated exposure of the individual to a stimulus object enhances his attitude toward it. In the mererepeatedexposure paradigm, an individual is repeatedly exposed to a particular stimulus object, and the researcher records the individuals emerging preference for that object. Some of the theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. Mere exposure effect additional experiments showed that the effect is very robust and r the mere exposure effect is a psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things or people that are more familiar to them than others. Examining the mere exposure effect in a marketing context. Pdf the mere exposure effect refers to the wellestablished finding that people evaluate a stimulus more positively. In the second study, the effects of repeated exposure.
By mere exposure is meant a condition making the stimulus accessible to the individuals perception. Journal of experimental social psychology 8, 3144 1972 drive and predisposition as factors in the attitudinal effects of mere exposure philip brickman and joel redfield northwestern university and albert a. The mereexposure effect is a psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them. The mere exposure effect is a highly robust phenomenon and the effect size is normally greater than the one observed. Sales department of psychology, carnegiemellon university zajonc has proposed that repeated mere exposure of a stimulus is a sufficient condition for enhancing the attractiveness of this stimulus. It was concluded that mere exposure effects are not necessarily artifacts and that the attitude formation process can potentially. Harrison and rick crandall3 the university of california, davis from the response competition interpretation of the attitudeenhancing effects of exposure it was hypothesized.
The contribution of attention to the mere exposure effect for. Pdf the fact of having already encountered something encourages future preference, a phenomenon known as. Journal of personality and social psychology monograph. Zajonc, attitudinal effects of mere exposure zajonc 1968 pdf attitudinal effects of mere exposure1. Mereexposure effect wikimili, the free encyclopedia. This is a broader theory than the common mere exposure effect theory, which states that the attitude. The mere exposure effect was found for whole advertising images and images of female models.
The mereexposure effect implies that participants will show a preference for a specific stimulus in their reaction to that stimulus if they are repeatedly exposed to that one stimulus over a short period of time. On the other hand, the mere exposure effect for the images of products was seen only when participants were explicitly encouraged to direct their attention to the product parts of the advertising image. One study found the limitations of the mere exposure effect with a study that involved positive and negative emotion words. On the other hand, the mere exposure effect for the images of products was seen only when participants were explicitly encouraged to direct their attention to. Sequence redundancy, rating dimensions, and the exposure. Vast literature on the mererepeatedexposure effect shows it to be a robust phenomenon that cannot be explained by an appeal to recognition memory or. Journal of personality and social psychology monograph supplement. Abstractthe mere exposure effect mee was first identified by zajonc 1968. In the first experiment, no significant differences in preference were obtained following exposure to high and lowredundancy sequences of nonsense syllables. These data underline the limits of mere exposure effect and are discussed in. Zajonc conducted four experiments, each of which provided overwhelming to strong support for the hypothesis that mere repeated exposure of the mere exposure effect is well established at this point. The analysis of lycopene in food products may be carried out by hplc or by direct spectrophotometry, which is the standard method for fast quantification of lycopene baysal et al. The extent to which such a phenomenon influences evaluation of a priori emotional stimuli remains underinvestigated. Citeseerx scientific documents that cite the following paper.
November 23, 1923 december 3, 2008 was a polishborn american social psychologist who is known for his decades of work on a wide range of social and cognitive processes. The hypothesis is offered that mere repeated exposure of the. Sep 05, 2018 the mere exposure effect was found for whole advertising images and images of female models. Article information, pdf download for mere exposure. The mere exposure effect is a psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them. The mere exposure instruction effect 6 important to establish new effects independently in both labbased and internetbased studies. Attitudinal influences on attributions of moral character. In the classical paradigm used to investigate the mere exposure effect, participants are presented with a series of stimuli at different exposure frequencies within a limited time window. Research on the mere exposure phenomenon has focused most often on the attitudinal effects of. Here we investigated this question by presenting participants with different odors varying in a priori pleasantness during different sessions. The comparative protective effects of degraded extraccioj and aluminium hydroxide on experimentally produced peptic ulceration. Jan 17, 2017 well, mere exposure does have its limitations. Using the mereexposure effect in influence marketing.
The mereexposure effect is a psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a. Journal of personality and social psychology, 1968, 9, 2, 127. In social psychology, this effect is sometimes called the familiarity principle. Amp cannot be explained by nonattitudinal factors that influence iat performance e. Subsequently zajonc, using the theory of hullspence, extended tripletts. Pdf memory enhances the mere exposure effect researchgate. The mere exposure effect implies that participants will show a preference for a specific stimulus in their reaction to that stimulus if they are repeatedly exposed to that one stimulus over a short period of time. Note that our studies tested whether participants would show a preference for the instructed. The contribution of attention to the mere exposure effect. Vast literature on the mere repeated exposure effect shows it to be a robust phenomenon that cannot be explained by an appeal to recognition memory or.
Visual stimulus satiation as a function of duration of. Vast literature on the mererepeatedexposure effect shows it to be a robust. The mere exposure effect depends on an odors initial pleasantness. Mar 15, 2016 this article on mere exposure is adapted from an online course that i just launched, the science of subliminal influence, available exclusively on.
The mereexposure effect, also known as the familiarity principle, states that people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar. Repetition and belief formation gullible but functional. Objective to evaluate adolescents responses to cigarette advertisements for different brands. Curious is a neat website where you pay a low monthly subscription to learn about all sort of neat things, ranging from academic topics like psychology to more skilldevelopment topics like art, design, and writing. Mere exposure effect additional experiments showed that. This article on mere exposure is adapted from an online course that i just launched, the science of subliminal influence, available exclusively on. If topic already has a negative association with it before repeated exposure such as the annoying kid down the hall then the mere exposure effect will backfire. The mere exposure effect depends on an odors initial. Two experiments investigated zajones 1968 hypothesis that mere repeated exposure to stimuli is a sufficient condition to enhance individuals attitudes toward those stimuli. Journal of personality and social psychology, 9 2, pt.
This is a driving principle in effect on every social media platform. Zajoncs 1968 mere exposure effectthe observation that repeated, unreinforced. This mere repeated exposure effect is found in a variety of contexts, for a wide assortment of stimuli, using diverse procedures, and among both humans and nonhuman animals. Information repetition and the formation of beliefs, authorchristian unkelbach, year2018. Website software copyright 2019, archieboy holdings, llc. The mere exposure effect was first systematically examined by robert zajonc, who reported his findings in the influential 1968 article attitudinal effects of mere exposure. The mere exposure effect is a phenomenon in psychology where people tend to prefer something or someone that appears familiar.
Mere exposure the mere exposure effect zajonc, 1968 is the tendency to develop more positive feelings towards objects and individuals the more we are exposed to them. We hypothesised that one reason for our small effect size and the failure to detect a difference between stimuli exposed with awareness versus. Drive and predisposition as factors in the attitudinal. Mere repeated exposure of the individual to a stimulus is a sufficient condition for the enhancement of his attitude toward it. Meaning the more we are exposed to something, the more we will like it. Zajonc explains that if preferences or attitudes were based merely on information units with affect. Mere exposure effect additional experiments showed that the. Three sources of stimulus in put, one visual and two aural, were distinguished in zajoncs 1968 study that demonstrated that rated goodnessofmeaning of nonsense words is a positive function of exposure frequency. Mere exposure effect, memory, brand recognition, choice, preference. He presented two kinds of evidence in support of the mere exposure effect. The effect has been demonstrated with many kinds of things, including words, chinese characters, paintings, pictures of faces, geometric figures, and sounds.
The more familiar something is, the more pleasant or trustworthy it will appear to be to the subject. Citeseerx citation query attitudinal effects of mere exposure. In a 1965 paper titled the attitudinal effects of mere exposure robert b. Since then, this mere exposure effect has become one of the most inspiring and studied phenomena in psychology bornstein, 1989. No action or interaction with the object is required, and we do not need to possess or even develop any explicit beliefs about the object. Jul 09, 2019 attitudinal effects of mere exposure zajonc pdf record the attitudinal effects of mere exposure. Journal of personality and social psychology monograph supplement volume 9, no. Attitudinal effects of mere exposure zajonc pdf record the attitudinal effects of mere exposure. Thus, we can make no strong conclusion about awareness from this experiment alone.
Oct 26, 2017 the mereexposure effect, also known as the familiarity principle, states that people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar. These data underline the limits of mere exposure effect and are discussed. Y 7, 461472 1971 attitudinal effects of mere exposure. In the mererepeatedexposure paradigm, an individual is repeatedly exposed to a. Apr 07, 2016 in a 1965 paper titled the attitudinal effects of mere exposure robert b. Nov 16, 20 three sources of stimulus in put, one visual and two aural, were distinguished in zajoncs 1968 study that demonstrated that rated goodnessofmeaning of nonsense words is a positive function of exposure frequency. This mererepeatedexposure effect is found in a variety of contexts, for a wide assortment of stimuli, using diverse procedures, and among both humans and nonhuman animals. The mere exposure phenomenon refers to improvement of ones attitude toward an a priori neutral stimulus after its repeated exposure. Harrison and rick crandall3 the university of california, davis from the response competition interpretation of the attitudeenhancing effects of exposure it was hypothesized that 1.